Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe (1924-1977) was the head of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania, a group that broke away from the African National Congress in 1959. The PAC disagreed philosophically with the ANC over several key issues. These ranged from the centrality of Africans in the fight for freedom, to the time and method whereby the armed struggle or liberation war would be undertaken. The nature and content of these debates was intense and complex, and they have yet to be resolved. "Africanism," as the PACs position is frequently characterized, is one of the core constituents of black consciousness, the focus of the work of the martyred Steve Biko. Sobukwe and his organization occupied separate terrain from that of the ANC and are often described inaccurately as a minor current in the South African liberation struggle. The PAC continues to exist as a political organization which has made inroads in the Eastern and Western Cape by fielding candidates such as the charismatic Patricia De Lille, a mixed-race politician representing a vibrant constituency. This has marked a kind of PAC renaissance. The domestic conflict between the PAC and the ANC inevitably became wrapped up in the Cold War combat between the Soviet Union and the United States. This and a number of dramatic mistakes by some of its other leading figures such as the late flamboyant Potlako Leballo, left them open to criticism by ANC leaders. The quality of the paper on which this poster was made is clearly not comparable to the superior materials typical of ANC posters makes this piece far more fragile.